Reference Operator: &

Article
2006-11-18

Holds the address of an object but behaves syntactically like an object.

type-id & cast-expression

Remarks

A reference declaration consists of an (optional) list of specifiers followed by a reference declarator. A reference must be initialized and cannot be changed.

Any object whose address can be converted to a given pointer type can also be converted to the analogous reference type. For example, any object whose address can be converted to type char * can also be converted to type char &. No constructors or class conversion functions are called to make a conversion to a reference type.

Do not confuse reference declarations with use of the address-of operator. When **& **identifier is preceded by a type, such as int or char, then identifier is declared as a reference to the type. When **& **identifier is not preceded by a type, the usage is that of the address-of operator.

Example

// expre_ReferenceOperator.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
// Demonstrate reference operator
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct Person {
    char   *Name;
    short Age;
};

int main() {
   Person Friend;             // Declare the object.
   Person& rFriend = Friend;  // Declare the reference.

   Friend.Name = "Bill";
   rFriend.Age = 40;

   cout << rFriend.Name << " is " << Friend.Age << endl;
}

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Reference Operator: &

Remarks

Example

See Also

Reference

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