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These are the global template functions defined in <ostream>. For member functions, see the basic_ostream Class documentation.
endl
Terminates a line and flushes the buffer.
template class<Elem, Tr>
basic_ostream<Elem, Tr>& endl(
basic_ostream<Elem, Tr>& Ostr);
Parameters
Elem
The element type.
Ostr
An object of type basic_ostream.
Tr
Character traits.
Return Value
An object of type basic_ostream.
Remarks
The manipulator calls Ostr.put(Ostr.widen('\n')), and then calls Ostr.flush. It returns Ostr.
Example
// ostream_endl.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <iostream>
int main( )
{
using namespace std;
cout << "testing" << endl;
}
testing
ends
Terminates a string.
template class<Elem, Tr>
basic_ostream<Elem, Tr>& ends(
basic_ostream<Elem, Tr>& Ostr);
Parameters
Elem
The element type.
Ostr
An object of type basic_ostream.
Tr
Character traits.
Return Value
An object of type basic_ostream.
Remarks
The manipulator calls Ostr.put(Elem('\0')). It returns Ostr.
Example
// ostream_ends.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <iostream>
int main( )
{
using namespace std;
cout << "a";
cout << "b" << ends;
cout << "c" << endl;
}
ab c
flush
Flushes the buffer.
template class<Elem, Tr>
basic_ostream<Elem, Tr>& flush(
basic_ostream<Elem, Tr>& Ostr);
Parameters
Elem
The element type.
Ostr
An object of type basic_ostream.
Tr
Character traits.
Return Value
An object of type basic_ostream.
Remarks
The manipulator calls Ostr.flush. It returns Ostr.
Example
// ostream_flush.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <iostream>
int main( )
{
using namespace std;
cout << "testing" << flush;
}
testing
swap
Exchanges the values of two basic_ostream objects.
template <class Elem, class Tr>
void swap(
basic_ostream<Elem, Tr>& left,
basic_ostream<Elem, Tr>& right);
Parameters
Elem
The element type.
Tr
Character traits.
left
An lvalue reference to a basic_ostream object.
right
An lvalue reference to a basic_ostream object.
Remarks
The template function swap executes left.swap(right).