@Heather Turner
Thank you for your post!
Unfortunately, searching for users via Microsoft graph in Azure B2C by their MFA phone number isn't possible. Here's a full list of our Azure AD B2C with Microsoft Graph operations. The user phone number management operations are currently in beta, and some APIs such as "Get phoneAuthenticationMethod" is available only for standard Azure AD and B2B users, but not B2C users.
I'd recommend leveraging our User Voice forum so our engineering team can take a look into implementing this feature within future developments.
If you have any other questions, please let me know.
Thank you for your time and patience throughout this issue.
----------
Please remember to "Accept Answer" if any answer/reply helped, so that others in the community facing similar issues can easily find the solution.