VM default shell sh vs. bash in Ubuntu 22.04 and 24.04 VMs

Question

VM default shell sh vs. bash in Ubuntu 22.04 and 24.04 VMs

Andrew Janke 65

Does anyone know if and why the default shell changed from bash to sh between the Ubuntu 22.04 and 24.04 VM images? And what the right way is to configure it to be bash for new human users, including those created by AadSshLoginForLinux?

In our older Linux VMs created using the Ubuntu 22.04 and Ubuntu 20.04 VM images from Canonical in the marketplace images for "Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS" and "Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS", the default shell that new users got was bash. In new VMs created with the "Ubuntu 24.04 LTS - all plans including Ubuntu Pro" images, they're getting plain /bin/sh, which makes for a lousy interactive shell and isn't compatible with most of our users' shell startup scripts, which use bashisms.

In the new 24.04 VMs, /etc/default/useradd has it set to /bin/sh, saying this:

# The SHELL variable specifies the default login shell on your
# system.
# Similar to DSHELL in adduser. However, we use "sh" here because
# useradd is a low level utility and should be as general
# as possible
SHELL=/bin/sh

In the old 22.04 VMs, it has /bin/bash. Though it still has the comment about using "sh".

# Similar to DSHELL in adduser. However, we use "sh" here because
# useradd is a low level utility and should be as general
# as possible
SHELL=/bin/bash

I don't recall ever changing that myself, and have built several VMs from these images. And non-Azure Ubuntu VMs that I build from the vanilla Ubuntu distro downloads have /bin/sh there. So I assume this is a customization in the Azure marketplace VM images?

Does anyone know why this customization went away in the Ubuntu 24.04 VM images and it's /bin/sh now?

This is a minor bummer because we use Entra ID login (AADSSHLoginForLinux) on these VMs, and chsh doesn't work with Entra ID backed users, as described in this Stack Overflow question.[1] And some users don't know about chsh anyway. So an admin has to change it for them, by editing /etc/aadpasswd.

I've been changing our /etc/default/aaduseradd to set the default shell to bash there. Seems to work. Is that the right place to do it? (Assuming the /etc/defult/useradd customization went away for a reason, and wasn't just forgotten when building the 24.04 VM images.)

# The SHELL variable.
SHELL=/bin/bash

Relatedly, does anyone know how to get chsh or similar to work with Entra ID login? Or if it is expected to work with Entra ID login?

UPDATE 5/6/25 13:30 EDT: Edited to say "Entra ID login" instead of "Entra AD login". I mixed it up with the old "Azure AD" name. We use Entra ID logins, with the AADSSHLoginForLinux extension.

[1] https://serverfault.com/questions/1114802/setting-default-shell-on-azure-linux-vm-using-aad-login

Vamsi Ram Annepu 640 Reputation points Microsoft External Staff

2025-05-01T01:37:21.82+00:00

Hi Andrew Janke,
Here is a Guide to Changing the Default Shell in Ubuntu 24.04
https://techpiezo.com/ubuntu/mastering-the-shell-a-guide-to-changing-the-default-shell-in-ubuntu-24-04/
Unfortunately, chsh does not work directly with Entra AD-backed users due to limitations but we will try to give workaround shortly.
Andrew Janke 65 Reputation points

2025-05-01T13:46:13.7866667+00:00

Thanks, Vamsi.

That linked article isn't quite what I'm asking about in this question, though. That's about how an existing defined user can change their default shell. What I'm asking about here is how the AadSshLoginForLinux extension and related mechanisms choose what initial default shell to give a new user that they create, like when an Entra AD-backed user signs in to that Linux VM for the first time. (The "default default shell", I guess you could call it.) And why that changed between Ubuntu 22.04 and 24.04.
Akshay kumar Mandha 3,075 Reputation points Microsoft External Staff

2025-05-02T09:26:09.7233333+00:00

Hi Andrew Janke,
Based on your query,
Ubuntu switched the default shell from bash to dash for better efficiency and faster boot times. Dash follows POSIX standards, making scripts more compatible across Unix-based systems. Most scripts worked fine, but a few required adjustments due to bash-specific features. Users can revert the change if needed, though it may impact performance.
Please refer the documentation for more information
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DashAsBinSh
And also, could you please refer git hub links how to configure the default shell
AADLoginForLinux: configure default shell
Andrew Janke 65 Reputation points

2025-05-05T06:18:21.5833333+00:00

Thanks for the response, Akshay.

I don't think your answer is responding to the specific thing my question is asking about. That switch in Ubuntu from bash to dash (/bin/sh) happened, per your linked article, in Ubuntu 6.10. That Ubuntu came out in 2006.

What I am trying to ask about in this question is the change between Ubuntu 22.04 (2022) and Ubuntu 24.04 (2024), and not in regular Ubuntu, but in the Azure Marketplace VM images for those release of Ubuntu. Like, I think that the regular Ubuntu ISOs just have /bin/sh as the default defulat shell, for all of Ubuntu 20.04, 22.04, and 24.04. But in the Azure VM images for Ubuntu 20.04 and 22.04, there was a customization that made bash be the default shell for new users created by AadSshLoginForLinux. And now in the Azure VM images for Ubuntu 24.04, that customization is gone, and now new AadSshLoginForLinux users get regular sh (which may be dash). I'm wondering why that particular change happened.
Akshay kumar Mandha 3,075 Reputation points Microsoft External Staff

2025-05-05T09:58:24.9133333+00:00

Hi Andrew Janke,
Thanks for reply back to us.
As mentioned in document in previous comment. For newer versions, they did not mention this, but for older versions, they did. It might be continuing in the latest version, so it may still apply.

And also, Microsoft did not explicitly mention how to change the shell to bash. Since they have not provided details on this, it might not be possible to change it. Alternate option is like you will need to customize your own script according to the shell.

Please let me know If you have any further query
Akshay kumar Mandha 3,075 Reputation points Microsoft External Staff

2025-05-06T09:06:15.1866667+00:00

Hi Andrew Janke,
if you get chance, please review my previous response and check the Alex Burlachenko mentioned on your query and an alternate approach please check and let me know if you have any other query
Akshay kumar Mandha 3,075 Reputation points Microsoft External Staff

2025-05-07T09:48:33.0033333+00:00

Hi Andrew Janke,
I just wanted to check in and see if Andrew Janke, suggestion about the alternate approach was helpful for you. If it addressed your issue, it would be great if you could "Accept his answer" that way, it could also benefit others in the community who might face a similar challenge.However, if you're still facing any difficulties or need further clarification, feel free to let me know I'm more than happy to assist you further and troubleshoot the issue together

1 answer

Your answer

Vamsi Ram Annepu 640 Reputation points Microsoft External Staff

2025-05-01T01:37:21.82+00:00

Hi Andrew Janke,
Here is a Guide to Changing the Default Shell in Ubuntu 24.04
https://techpiezo.com/ubuntu/mastering-the-shell-a-guide-to-changing-the-default-shell-in-ubuntu-24-04/
Unfortunately, chsh does not work directly with Entra AD-backed users due to limitations but we will try to give workaround shortly.
Andrew Janke 65 Reputation points

2025-05-01T13:46:13.7866667+00:00

Thanks, Vamsi.

That linked article isn't quite what I'm asking about in this question, though. That's about how an existing defined user can change their default shell. What I'm asking about here is how the AadSshLoginForLinux extension and related mechanisms choose what initial default shell to give a new user that they create, like when an Entra AD-backed user signs in to that Linux VM for the first time. (The "default default shell", I guess you could call it.) And why that changed between Ubuntu 22.04 and 24.04.
Akshay kumar Mandha 3,075 Reputation points Microsoft External Staff

2025-05-02T09:26:09.7233333+00:00

Hi Andrew Janke,
Based on your query,
Ubuntu switched the default shell from bash to dash for better efficiency and faster boot times. Dash follows POSIX standards, making scripts more compatible across Unix-based systems. Most scripts worked fine, but a few required adjustments due to bash-specific features. Users can revert the change if needed, though it may impact performance.
Please refer the documentation for more information
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DashAsBinSh
And also, could you please refer git hub links how to configure the default shell
AADLoginForLinux: configure default shell
Andrew Janke 65 Reputation points

2025-05-05T06:18:21.5833333+00:00

Thanks for the response, Akshay.

I don't think your answer is responding to the specific thing my question is asking about. That switch in Ubuntu from bash to dash (/bin/sh) happened, per your linked article, in Ubuntu 6.10. That Ubuntu came out in 2006.

What I am trying to ask about in this question is the change between Ubuntu 22.04 (2022) and Ubuntu 24.04 (2024), and not in regular Ubuntu, but in the Azure Marketplace VM images for those release of Ubuntu. Like, I think that the regular Ubuntu ISOs just have /bin/sh as the default defulat shell, for all of Ubuntu 20.04, 22.04, and 24.04. But in the Azure VM images for Ubuntu 20.04 and 22.04, there was a customization that made bash be the default shell for new users created by AadSshLoginForLinux. And now in the Azure VM images for Ubuntu 24.04, that customization is gone, and now new AadSshLoginForLinux users get regular sh (which may be dash). I'm wondering why that particular change happened.
Akshay kumar Mandha 3,075 Reputation points Microsoft External Staff

2025-05-05T09:58:24.9133333+00:00

Hi Andrew Janke,
Thanks for reply back to us.
As mentioned in document in previous comment. For newer versions, they did not mention this, but for older versions, they did. It might be continuing in the latest version, so it may still apply.

And also, Microsoft did not explicitly mention how to change the shell to bash. Since they have not provided details on this, it might not be possible to change it. Alternate option is like you will need to customize your own script according to the shell.

Please let me know If you have any further query
Akshay kumar Mandha 3,075 Reputation points Microsoft External Staff

2025-05-06T09:06:15.1866667+00:00

Hi Andrew Janke,
if you get chance, please review my previous response and check the Alex Burlachenko mentioned on your query and an alternate approach please check and let me know if you have any other query
Akshay kumar Mandha 3,075 Reputation points Microsoft External Staff

2025-05-07T09:48:33.0033333+00:00

Hi Andrew Janke,
I just wanted to check in and see if Andrew Janke, suggestion about the alternate approach was helpful for you. If it addressed your issue, it would be great if you could "Accept his answer" that way, it could also benefit others in the community who might face a similar challenge.However, if you're still facing any difficulties or need further clarification, feel free to let me know I'm more than happy to assist you further and troubleshoot the issue together

Answer 1

Hi Andrew,

Thanks for posting your question on the Q&A portal!

The switch from bash to sh in Ubuntu 24.04 VM images aligns with the upstream Ubuntu default, which prefers /bin/sh for broader compatibility. The Azure marketplace images for 22.04 and earlier likely had a custom override.

To ensure new users (including AAD-backed ones) get bash, your approach of modifying /etc/default/aaduseradd is correct. Alternatively, you can:

Set SHELL=/bin/bash in /etc/default/useradd (though this may be overwritten on updates).

Use usermod -s /bin/bash <username> for existing users (note the chsh limitation with Entra ID).

For Entra ID (AAD) users, editing /etc/aadpasswd remains the most reliable method since chsh doesn’t work with AAD-backed accounts.

AAD SSH Login Documentation and useradd man page

Let me know if you need further clarification!

Best regards,
Alex
P.S. If my answer help to you, please Accept my answer
PPS That is my Answer and not a Comment

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VM default shell sh vs. bash in Ubuntu 22.04 and 24.04 VMs

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