SCCM PXE OSD Fails on the "Apply OS Image" Step After Removing NAA

I am trying to remove the NAA account from my SCCM since we are fully HTTPS now, and theoretically the NAA account is not necessary anymore. However, the moment I remove the account, OSD fails on the "Apply Operating System Image" step.

Troubleshooting I have done so far:

• Verify that the OS package is NOT set to "access content directly from the DP" in the task sequence step options.
• OS image package is NOT set to "copy the content in this package to a package share on DPs" in data access tab.
• Task sequence DP deployment option is set to "Download content locally when needed by the running task sequence".
• Recreate client certificate for DP according to the PKI certificate requirements.
• Redistribute boot image to the DP after recreating client certificate.
• Verified that IIS cert is bound.
• Verified root cert is installed in SCCM primary site.
• DP and IIS certs are assigned to the DP server.
• Boot image has been recreated and distributed to DP.
• Windows Authentication IIS feature is installed and enabled on the DP.
• IIS Services are running on the DP, including ASP.Net state service.

In the smsts.log on the client I'm getting the errors in the attached pictures.