WS federation is an optional http module that handles SSO, and is configured via web.config. azure hosting has a similar module for OIDC (azure easy auth).
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/app-service/overview-authentication-authorization
if you are not hosting in azure, you will need to change your code to support OIDC. This will mean switching to the owin pipline, and using the owin OIDC components. MS documentation for old webforms is getting sparse. Try
https://docs.openathens.net/providers/net-framework-4-5-webforms-openid-connect-example